DDR Memory

<div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;" class="KonaBody"> <div id="ArtBody"> <p>Double data rate random access memory, or DDR RAM, is a memory technology used for storage and high-speed retrieval of data on a computer. It builds on the now-obsolete Single Data Rate (SDR) synchronous dynamic random access memory, and enables the computer to achieve greater bandwidth by double-pumping data. That is, the transfer of information is doubly fast with a DDR RAM.</p> <br /><span class="fullpost"><br /><br /><p>The more recent versions of DDR RAM are DDR2 and DDR3, which have faster memory bus signalling capabilities and clock frequencies. DDR2 operates at a clock frequency of over 400 MHz. The central powerhouse of your system operates faster and more efficiently on such improved memory circuitry, retrieving information faster and enabling you to run multiple applications.</p> <p>It must be remembered that if you want to upgrade the memory of a computer that uses DDR1, you cannot buy a DDR2 module and use it to supplement a DDR1 chipset. The slots for DDR1, 2 and 3 are different. Some motherboards, however, have slots for all these DDR formats. The booklet on the motherboard should tell you how to install additional RAM on your computer. Sixty-four bit processors often support more than 3.5 GB of DDR RAM. A 64-bit Windows Vista system, for example, will support memory of up to 128GB.</p> <p>A DDR RAM operates at a lower voltage than an SDR RAM, resulting in lower power consumption. Though it has the same architecture as an SDR RAM, a DDR RAM has 184 pins, instead of 168. It also has a single notch at the connector, not two. The bus width of DDR memory is 64 bits per channel. Most DDR-based chipsets come with matched pairs of modules and are made for processors that are 1GHz or faster.</p> <p>What a DDR RAM does is, it performs twice as many operations as an SDR RAM per clock cycle. The advent of DDR RAM was hailed as a landmark development that revolutionized the technology of random access, or volatile memory, but recent developments that have resulted in revision of DDR models have been just as interesting. At the beginning of the millennium, aspersions were cast on the use of DDR memory in home PCs, but now, all those doubts are gone and one can hardly live without the reassuring pace and efficiency of a DDR RAM. A big difference in systemic performance, coupled with improved BIOS efficiency, is an undoubted result of the quantum leap from SDR to DDR.</p><p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><strong>Author:</strong> oempcworld</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">Read More:</span> <span style="color: rgb(153, 51, 153);"><a href="http://computer-infocentre.blogspot.com/2008/10/sd-memory-cards.html">SD Memory</a>, <a href="http://computer-infocentre.blogspot.com/2008/10/simm-memory.html">SIMM Memory</a>, <a href="http://computer-infocentre.blogspot.com/2008/10/flash-memory.html">Flash Memory</a></span></span><br /></p> </div> </div></span>

Double data rate random access memory, or DDR RAM, is a memory technology used for storage and high-speed retrieval of data on a compute...

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Flash Memory

<div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;" class="KonaBody"> <div id="ArtBody"> <strong>Flash Memory</strong> comes in a lot of different formats for a lot of different purposes. It can be used for everything from PDAs to cell phones, from holding pictures on cameras to pen drives that let you carry your documents more easily. The reason for the popularity of flash memory is its great storage in a small size, as well as the durability of the media. Flash media is more capable of surviving falling, being stepped on, or even having liquids splashed on it then film rolls and hard disks.<br /><span class="fullpost"><br /><br /><p><br />What types of flash memory are available?<br />The most popular types include Compact Flash, Secure Digital, and Sony’s Memory Stick Pro. Compact Flash is most often used in personal cameras, and comes in sizes ranging from 32MB up to 8GB. Having a 1GB Compact Flash cards in your camera has become very common, enabling you to take photos all day without worrying about filling your card.Secure Digital, or SD memory, is a much smaller format then <strong>Compact Flash</strong>, which makes it perfect for cell phones and PDAs where space is at a premium. At the same time, the tiny cards can carry nearly as much data as the larger Compact Flash cards. A 2GB Secure Digital flash memory can cost less than $20, allowing plenty of storage for your PDA or cell phone.<br /><br />Memory Stick Pro is used in both cameras and the PSP portable gaming system. This Sony Brand memory tends to cost a bit more then Compact Flash and Secure Digital per megabyte, but is proprietary in a number of Sony produced devices.<br />Finally, there are also USB flash memory drives available, ranging from 64MB all the way up to 16GB drives. A 1GB drive can carry around more data then a CD can, and can be written and re-written to over and over again.<br />So if you're looking for flash memory for your camera, cell phone, PDA or PSP, take a look at what we have to offer. We also have Smart Media, MultiMedia and XD Picture Cards available for you to browse through.<br /><br />Our address is<br />OEMPCworld.com<br />2800 Bowers Ave<br />Santa Clara CA 95051<br /><br />Tel: (408) 350-0341<br />TF: 1 866 839-5875<br />Fax:(408) 521-1888<br /><strong>www.oempcworld.com</strong><strong><br />Author:</strong> oempcworld</p> </span></div> </div></span>

Flash Memory comes in a lot of different formats for a lot of different purposes. It can be used for everything from PDAs to cell phone...

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Simm Memory

<div style="text-align: justify;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"> The single inline memory module or <strong>SIMM </strong>is still the most common memory module format in use in the PC world, largely due to the enormous installed base of PCs that use them (in new PCs, DIMMs are now overtaking SIMMs in popularity.) SIMMs are available in two flavors: 30 pin and 72 pin. 30-pin SIMMs are the older standard, and were popular on third and fourth generation motherboards. <strong>72-pin SIMMs</strong> are used on fourth, fifth and sixth generation PCs.<br /><span class="fullpost"><br /><br />The SIMM board is connected to a circuit control board by an edge connector. Single in-line memory modules represent a high density, low profile single in-line package for electronic components such as dynamic random access memory integrated circuit components. A plurality of these components can be mounted in line on a circuit panel whose height is little more than the length of the components themselves. With a SIMM, several memory devices such as <strong>DRAMs </strong>are mounted on a printed circuit board having an edge connector. The SIMM is designed to plug into a computer socket in electrical communication with address, data and power supply buses for the computer so that the randomly-addressable memory cells of the SIMM can be addressed directly by the computer's CPU rather than by a bank-switching technique commonly used in larger memory expansion boards. One edge of a SIMM module is a card-edge connector, which plugs into a socket on the computer which is directly connected to the computer buses required for powering and addressing the memory on the SIMM.<br /><br /><strong>Our address is</strong><br />OEMPCworld.com<br />2800 Bowers Ave<br />Santa Clara CA 95051<br /><br />Tel: (408) 350-0341<br />TF: 1 866 839-5875<br />Fax:(408) 521-1888<br />www.oempcworld.com<br /><strong>Author:</strong> oempcworld<br /></span> </div></span>

The single inline memory module or SIMM is still the most common memory module format in use in the PC world, largely due to the enormous i...

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Sd Memory Cards

<div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;" class="KonaBody"> <div id="ArtBody"> <p>The <strong>SD Memory Card</strong> is a groundbreaking new bridge media that's helping to pave the way for tomorrow's fully networked society. This tiny, easy-to-use card offers a host of powerful advantages. It links various kinds of digital equipment through its easy connectivity that supports a host of application formats and does not require the use of a PC. Further, the SD Memory card has the broad interoperability and compatibility needed to ensure that its applications will continue to expand far into the future.<br /></p><span class="fullpost"><br /><br /><p>SD Memory Card is well on its way to becoming the de facto standard <strong>memory </strong>card for digital connectivity. Soon, the SD Memory Card will provide universal access to an even wider array of multi-media data. The ubiquitous network era is coming, and its key is the SD Memory Card.</p><p>The miniSDTM card was developed to meet industry demands for downsizing mobile phones. It is only 37% the volume of an SD Memory Card.</p><p>Despite its tiny size, the miniSDTM card offers all the benefits of the original SD Memory Card. By inserting the miniSDTM card into the miniSDTM adapter, you can share a variety of digital data among standard SD-enabled products.</p><p>The microSDTM memory card is a functionally compatible with the SD memory card but is smaller in dimensions. The microSD memory cardcommunication is based on an advance 8-pin interface and microSD memory card host interface supports regular SD or miniSD memory card adapter<br />and operate as SD memory card.</p> <p>Our address is<br />OEMPCworld.com<br />2800 Bowers Ave<br />Santa Clara CA 95051<br />Tel: (408) 350-0341<br />TF: 1 866 839-5875<br />Fax:(408) 521-1888<br /><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">www.oempcworld.com</span><br />Author:</strong> oempcworld </p></div> </div></span>

The SD Memory Card is a groundbreaking new bridge media that's helping to pave the way for tomorrow's fully networked society. ...

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Getting Free Photoshop Tutorials

<div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;">The Photoshop software is truly a big deal for most people. It pays to have this program in your computer in order to manipulate your pictures as your desire. With this at hand, you can be sure that you get to improve those digital images you have taken even before they get printed. This is more reason for you to give away beautiful pictures to friends and relatives.<br /><br />However, it is not enough that you have the Photoshop program installed in your computer. It is a must that you have a basic knowledge in Photoshop so you can do the things that you want. As such it is very important to get a Photoshop tutorial.<br /><br />There are options such as to hire a tutor or enrol in program where you can learn Photoshop skills. You can also choose to buy books that will teach you the aspects of the program. These are options that are open to you. However, it may even be a better choice for you to get a free Photoshop tutorial. Here, you get to learn a new skill without having to spend the extra money in your pocket.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"> The Free Photoshop Tutorial </span><br /><br />There are many ways for you to get a free Photoshop tutorial. Be sure that you get to use these options because it sure is a good thing to save your extra money instead. If you can have something for free, then just grab it and make the most out of it.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Ask a Friend for Help in the Photoshop </span><br /><br />Some people are fortunate enough to have friends and relatives who are skilled in the Photoshop application. If you happen to have a friend of your own, then ask him or her to teach you basic Photoshop. This is a good way to get the free Photoshop tutorial. You can even use that extra time of learning as a bonding activity.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Explore the Photoshop Program </span><br /><br />If it happens that you cannot access any friend to give the tutorials, you can explore the Photoshop program. The manufacturers do provide basic tutorials with the installation. You can easily check the options for the basic tutorials. This can explain to you how certain commands work and when to use them. You can read on the instructions and the step-by-step processes. There are also editions in the Photoshop software that can actually give tutorial using visuals. You will definitely enjoy viewing how a project is developed.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Download Files Online </span><br /><br />You can also get free Photoshop tutorials online. There are numerous web sites that will give help for free. You can access the tutorial in PDF format and see the instructions. You can also browse through the sites to find the discussion on a particular topic. You may even love the options of seeing the tutorial in video format.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Ask for Assistance Online </span><br /><br />The manufacturer can provide an option for you to get help online. However, you may find it even amazing to explore the different discussion boards and forums where other Photoshop users converge. This can be an opportunity to get free Photoshop tutorials from them. You can post your question and you can expect the other users to give you the advice you need.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"> Conclusion </span><br /><br />Get your free Photoshop tutorials and learn the basic skills needed to operate the program. This way, you can turn out your nice images into fabulous pictures.<br /><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size:78%;">by: <b class="author">Mario Churchill</b></span><br /></div></div>

The Photoshop software is truly a big deal for most people. It pays to have this program in your computer in order to manipulate your pictur...

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Troubleshooting Hardware Boot-Up Problems (Part-1)

<p style="text-align: justify;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">This guide deals with troubleshooting a PC that won't boot to the point where it at least starts loading an operating system (hardware related problem). This article is intended for a person who has a little knowledge of PC's and is comfortable opening up and working inside a PC. If this isn't you, then I recommend taking your PC to a qualified PC repair shop. This is meant as a general troubleshooting guide and by no means covers every scenario that can occur, any omissions or mistakes were not intentional and will be updated as necessary. </span></p><div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><blink>Now let's get started..</blink></span></div><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">Keep it Simple </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">First and foremost, I cannot stress enough that when it comes to troubleshooting PC's, KEEP IT SIMPLE! You will save yourself a lot of time and effort if you start looking for the simplest and most obvious solutions first. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">With that being said here is a list of a few things you should start checking first.. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 51, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Check the Power Cable</span> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">(reason: ensure the PC is getting power and that the problem isn't simply a bad power cable) </span></p><ol style="text-align: justify;font-family:arial;" type="a"><li><span style="font-size:100%;">Is it plugged into the back of the PC tightly? </span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;">Is it plugged into a power source? </span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;">If it is connected to a power bar --- is the power bar plugged in and turned on? </span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;">If possible try a different power cord and/or power bar </span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;">Is a breaker blown in the building? Try a different wall plug </span></li></ol><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">2. Check the monitor</span> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">(reason: make sure the monitor is still working. When you boot a PC you expect to see something on the monitor, if you don't, one may think their PC isn't working when in fact there is something wrong with the monitor) </span></p><ol style="text-align: justify;font-family:arial;" type="a"><li><span style="font-size:100%;">Is the power cable plugged in tight to the back of the monitor? </span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;">Is the power cable plugged into a power source? </span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;">If it is connected to a power bar --- is the power bar plugged in and turned on? </span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;">Is the monitor turned on? </span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;">Is the monitor's video cable plugged tightly into the video card on the PC? </span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;">Are the contract and brightness settings of the monitor adjusted correctly? </span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;">If possible try a different monitor. </span></li></ol><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 51, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">3. Visually check the power supply</span> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">(reason: a PC may boot to a point with a failing power supply but can quickly overheat causing it to the PC to stop functioning) </span></p><ol style="text-align: justify;font-family:arial;" type="a"><li><span style="font-size:100%;">Does the fan turn when the PC is turned on? </span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;">Does it feel hot to the touch? </span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;">Do any lights come on when the PC power button is pressed? </span></li></ol><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 51, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">4. Check the keyboard</span> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">(reason: a PC needs a keyboard to boot, most times if there is a keyboard problem a message will be displayed on the screen, however this may not always be the case and the computer may just stop booting) </span></p><ol style="text-align: justify;font-family:arial;" type="a"><li><span style="font-size:100%;">Is the keyboard connected to the PC? </span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;">If possible try a different keyboard. </span></li></ol><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 51, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">5. Check the floppy and CD drive</span> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">(reason: when a PC boots, by default it will try and boot from the floppy or CD drive first. If there is a disk in either of these drives even if it is not a bootable disk, the PC may try to boot from the disk. Most times an error is displayed when it can't boot from the disk but this isn't always the case) </span></p><ol style="text-align: justify;font-family:arial;" type="a"><li><span style="font-size:100%;">Is there a disk in the floppy drive? </span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;">Is there a disk in the CD drive? </span></li></ol><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">A person may think that it is a waste of time to check such simple things and want to skip the above checklist. I cannot count how many times I have been called to troubleshoot a PC only to find that a power bar was turned off or there was a disk in the floppy or CD drive. Take the time now to check the easy things--- I guarantee you it will save a lot of headaches and frustrations.</span></p><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size:85%;">by: <b class="author">Keith Park</b></span><br /></div><p style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 102, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">< <a href="http://computer-infocentre.blogspot.com/2008/09/troubleshooting-hardware-boot-up.html">Advance Troubleshoot</a> ></span></p>

This guide deals with troubleshooting a PC that won't boot to the point where it at least starts loading an operating system (hardware r...

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Troubleshooting Hardware Boot-Up Problems (Part-2)

<span style="font-weight: bold;">Advanced Troubleshooting</span><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-family: arial;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">When a computer is first turned on, the hardware runs a Power-On Self Test (POST). If errors are encountered during this POST test, they are usually indicated by a beep or in the form of a code displayed on the screen. With this error code you can determine what part of the system is having problems and find a solution. You have probably heard a beep code in the past and just not realized it. You know the one or two short beeps your computer makes when you first turn it on, that is a beep code indicating everything checks out OK. With some PC's it may seem like there isn't any beep code, what is probably happening here is there is a problem with the internal speaker inside the PC, it is either not present, not functioning any longer or not connected properly to the motherboard. If this is the case in your instance, check to see a visual code is being displayed on the monitor, if nothing then skip ahead to the next section. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">To check for an error code on your PC, turn the computer on and listen for any beeps or look on the monitor screen for a code. As I mentioned, one or two short beeps indicates everything is OK, if you experience any different sequence or length of beeps, write down what you heard, (e.g. 1 long beep followed by two short beeps) or write down the error code on the screen. Error codes vary from PC to PC depending on the manufacturer of the motherboard inside the PC. It would be beyond the scope of this guide to include every manufacturer error codes as some may be missed and some may change as new technology is introduced. Performing a search on the Internet using your favorite search engine will find many sites specific to your PC. They will have a list of codes, what they mean and potentially how to fix them, look for the code you wrote down previously. The hardware generally checked by the POST test is the motherboard, CPU, power supply, memory and video card. If the error c! </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">ode indicates a problem in one of these areas, make sure all cards in the PC are seated correctly in the motherboard slots and that the power supply cables are connected snuggly to the motherboard. If all of this has been done and you still receive an error code then chances are the device has failed and will need to be replaced. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">If the POST test doesn't reveal the source of the problem the next step is to open up the PC. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">Staying with the theme of keeping it simple we will want to try and start the PC with the minimum hardware required to boot a computer. All you need to boot a PC is the motherboard, memory, some sort of media (floppy disk, hard disk, CD, etc.) and a video card. What we will want to do is remove or disconnect any unnecessary hardware. </span></p><ol style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;font-family:arial;"><li><span style="font-size:100%;">Leave one form of media drive connected to boot with, preferably the floppy drive if available, and disconnect all other drives. </span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;">Remove all cards except for the video card. </span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;">Remove all memory except for one stick </span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;">Insert bootable media (floppy disk, CD, etc.) and power on the PC </span></li></ol><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">If the PC doesn't boot with the minimum hardware then the problem may lie with the video card, memory or the motherboard. Try using a different stick of memory if you have one as well try using a different video card. Friends and family can be great sources for this, ask to borrow their video card or memory from their PC, just make sure to return it when you are done. If swapping the memory and video card don't work then you more than likely have a problem with the motherboard and it will need to be replaced. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">If it does boot. </span></p><ol style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;font-family:arial;"><li><span style="font-size:100%;">Turn it off </span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;">Insert or connect one hardware device that was previously removed </span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;">Try booting again. </span></li><li><span style="font-size:100%;">Repeat these steps until the computer no longer boots. </span></li></ol><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">Once the PC doesn't boot again the last hardware device that was connected is the problem and should be replaced or permanently removed. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">If you get to this point and your PC still doesn't want to load an operating system then it is time to have a qualified computer technician look at the problem or purchase a new PC. You gave it your best shot but sometimes a fresh set of eyes can see something that may have been missed.</span></p><p style="text-align: right; color: rgb(0, 51, 0); font-family: arial;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:85%;">by: <b class="author">Keith Park</b></span></p>

Advanced Troubleshooting When a computer is first turned on, the hardware runs a Power-On Self Test (POST). If errors are encountered durin...

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