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Formatting A Hard Disk

On Jumat, 23 Mei 2008 Diposting oleh Unknown Label: defragment, format, hard disk, windows 95, windows 98

<div style="text-align: justify;">As with most mechanical devices, prolonged use of the hard disk results in inevitable wear and tear and malfunction. Repeated adding and deleting of files takes its toll on the hard disk and you may get disk error, including the notorious “fatal error” of Windows. This is an indication that you may need to re-format your hard disk to have it working properly again. However, before deciding to re-format the disk it may be worthwhile to try out other alternative: 1. Run Disk Defragmenter 2. Use a cleanup shareware programs such asregclean.exe, available for download. However, if after trying out these alternatives, you continue to get fatal error message, then you probably need to format your hard disk. The procedure of formatting is simple enough but has to be done carefully. When you format the hard disk, all the data on the disk is lost-Windows operating system, software programs, business applications data, games, e-mails messages. In short everything. How to do the formatting Windows 95 1. Double-click on My Computer icon. Then click the icon for the drive you want to format. (e. g. C:) 2. On the File menu, click Format and follow the instructions. Remember that you can not format a disk if there are files open on that disk. If the disk has been compressed, use Drivespace or other compression to format the disk. Windows 98 1. Click Start, click Shutdown, click Restart, and then click on OK. 2. Press and hold the CTRL key until the Microsoft Windows 98 Startup Menu appears. 3. Select Command prompt only and press Enter. 4. At the C:\prompt, type format C: and press ENTER. 5. Follow the instruction on the screen. After formatting you’re left with a blank hard disk with more space then before. The next step is to restore the programs you need on your disk. 1. First reinstall Windows and then application programs you use. 2. Restore your backups into appropriate files. If you use a Zip drive or a CD-writer, these need to be installed first. 3. Reinstall all drivers for the printer, modem or other peripherals. Do the defrag A file on your disk may not be stored all in one place or cluster. For example, if you create a Word document and make changes to it at a later date, the change may get saved in a different cluster from the original file. The more often you make changes to a file, the more disorganized the cluster becomes, and the disk becomes fragmented. This makes the magnetic head that reads and writes data to and from the disk, works harder to retrieve the entire file. Fragmentation of hard drive reduces the storage efficiency and then access time for retrieving information. The process of defragging helps to rearrange the files and unused space on your hard disk so that programs run faster. Before Defragging, it may be a good idea to check how much of your hard drive is fragmented. You can do this by running ScanDisk. Empty the temp folders and Recycle Bin before defragging. Windows 95 and Windows 98: Open the Start Menu, choose Programs, choose Accessories, and choose System Tools and click on Disk Defragmenter. You defragging schedule will depend on how much you use the PC. A good rule of the thumb is to defrag every two weeks. Make sure all your files are closed and then you have turned of the screensaver also. Spring Cleaning No more hard disk space left? Getting disk error or illegal operations? It may be time to clean up your hard disk. A few spring cleaning pointers to help you out. <ul style="font-family:arial;"><li style="font-family: arial;">Toss out unwanted applications: check out all the software applications you have loaded on the PC. Delete the old applications if you have installed newer versions. Go to the Control Panel’s Add/Remove program option and uninstall those applications you don’t need.</li><li style="font-family: arial;">Run ScanDisk: the ScanDisk option in Windows is very useful application which fixes problem like lost clusters, invalid directory entries and physical disk errors. Run ScanDisk once a month. Go to start, choose Programs, choose Accessories, and choose System Tools and click on ScanDisk. Click the drive that contains the folders and files you want to check.</li><li style="font-family: arial;">Defrag often, once in two weeks.</li><li style="font-family: arial;">Empty Recycle Bin: Right-click on Recycle Bin icon on the Desktop and choose Empty Recycle Bin from the dropdown menu.</li><li style="font-family: arial;">Clean out your folders: do you really need all those download you had undertaken for a past research project or those games you seldom plays? Delete those folders that are not required.</li><li style="font-family: arial;">Delete .tmp files and create more space on hard disk. Close all programs. Go to Windows Explorer. Press the key to open find dialog box. Enter *.tmp in the box. Make sure that C: Drive is listed in the Look-in box. Include sub-folders by checking them. When .tmp files appear, delete them.</li><li style="font-family: arial;">Delete temporary Net files to create more space. Go to the temp Internet Files folder in Windows Explorer. Delete all present files.</li><li>There are several Windows components on your hard disk that you could do without. You could remove these individual components from the Add/Remove Windows setup option and create more space on your disk </li></ul>Some windows components that are not necessary are accessories such as Desktop Wallpapers (a saving of 700kB) and games (a saving of 600kB) Before you format: <ul><li style="font-family: arial;font-family:arial;" >Enter the hard drive’s technical specifications (number of cylinders, tracks, sectors etc.) into the PC’s BIOS setup table so that it is available for the machine’s Startup program.</li><li style="font-family: arial;font-family:arial;" >Backup all your important data onto another hard disk, recordable CDs, Zip Drive, magnetic tapes or floppies. If you have a sort of backup space or are in hurry, copy only important folders. Backup your e-mail and address books too. After taking the backups, check them out to make sure that they are okay.</li><li style="font-family: arial;font-family:arial;" >Backup any folders that you share with others over a network.</li><li style="font-family: arial;font-family:arial;" >Keep handy the installation disks or CDs of the application software you use, such as Windows or an office suite. These will have to be re-installed after formatting.</li><li>Keep handy the driver disks for your printer, sound card, CD ROM driver, modem or other devices. These will have to be re-installed after formatting. </li></ul>FAT Facts When a hard disk is formatted, a File Allocation Table (FAT) is created on the disk. FAT keeps a record of the locations of all the files on the disk FAT 16 is the file allocation system used in DOS and Windows 95. FAT 32 file system is used in Windows 98 or Win 95 OSR 2. FAT 32 is considered to be more efficient as it saves more space on the disk. Back to: - <a href="http://computer-infocentre.blogspot.com/2008/05/hard-disk-guide.html">The hard disk guide</a> - <a href="http://computer-infocentre.blogspot.com/2008/05/hard-disk.html">Hard disk optimizing</a> About The Author Pawan Bangar, Technical Director, Birbals, (Hbirbals,Seobirbals,Ebirbals,Ibirbals) Cell:91-175-3150734 Cell:+91-98153-52253 email: pawan@ebirbals.com Yahoo Messenger:pawanishappy@yahoo.com; MSN messenger:ebirbals@hotmail.com </div>

As with most mechanical devices, prolonged use of the hard disk results in inevitable wear and tear and malfunction. Repeated adding and del...

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Dual Boot Windows and Linux: Single and Multiple Hard Drives

On Jumat, 09 Mei 2008 Diposting oleh Unknown Label: linux, operating system, software, windows 95

The internet is full of technical articles, many of which are way too complicated for the average computer user who just wants to solve a simple problem. If you pay close attention, the internet is also a place where the “gurus” spend a lot of time yelling for help in discussion boards and forums. So don’t feel bad, nobody has all the answers. So you want to dual boot Windows and Linux on the same computer—it is really quite easy. I only have enough room here to tell you the most common way to do this on a single hard drive or using multiple hard drives. Obviously then, there are many ways to get the job done, but there are some critical things you should know. Let’s start with some critical information. Windows and Linux: Same Hard Drive The windows operating system MUST occupy the master boot record (MBR). Linux, on the other hand does not have to. In this scenario, you must install windows first! After Windows has been successfully installed, then you can install Linux. This is critical! The Linux “boot loader” is called GRUB. When you install Linux—MAKE SURE YOU DO NOT INSTALL THE LINUX BOOT LOADER TO THE MBR. Configure the Windows Boot Loader: A Two Step Process It is also possible to use GRUB to dual boot Windows and Linux on the same drive but this is a bit more complex—the Windows boot loader will get the job done. In the following commands, you will create a copy of the Linux boot sector and then save it in a file in the top level directory under Windows (C:\). Step 1: Linux From the shell in your Linux installation (boot from your installation disks): Execute the following shell command, replacing /dev/hda3 with the location of your Linux boot partition. shell# dd if=/dev/hda3 of=/bootsect.lnx bs=512 count=1 Copy the new file—bootsect.lnx—to a floppy disk and reboot to Windows. Step 2: Windows Copy bootsect.lnx to C:\ in Windows. Then execute the following command at the DOS prompt. C:\> attrib -H -R -S \boot.ini Edit boot.ini so that the first two lines are: [boot loader] timeout=30 After the last line, add: c:\bootsect.lnx=“Start Linux” That’s it, you are done! Reboot your machine and you will see a menu allowing you to select either Windows or Linux. Congratulations. Windows and Linux: Two Hard Drives This is also quite easy. In this case, you will boot to the Linux drive. We will add Windows to the Linux boot loader (i.e., GRUB). GRUB is my favorite boot loader. Edit the /boot/grub/grub.conf file. One of the very first lines should contain: timeout=30 After the last line add: title Start Windows map (hd1) (hd0) map (hd0) (hd1) rootnoverify (hd1,0) makeactive chainloader +1 Reboot your machine to the Linux drive and you will see a menu allowing you to select between Linux or Windows. Nice work! This article is obviously short and does not include any explanations of how these commands work. There are variations on what I have shown here depending on your hardware setup, but I believe that these are the most common and should get the job done nicely. I would be happy to direct you to additional resources if this does not work for you. <div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial;">Copyright © 2005 Majella.us </div><div style="text-align: justify;font-family:arial;" class="Name">About the author: </div><div style="text-align: left;font-family:arial;"> David Picella is a Family Nurse Practitioner and PhD Student at UW Milwaukee. He is the founder of The Saint Gerard Fertility Care Center in Duarte, CA, which promotes morally acceptable scientific breakthroughs in reproductive medicine. </div>

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10 Easy Steps to Speed Up Your Computer - Without Upgrading

On Minggu, 10 Februari 2008 Diposting oleh Unknown Label: cookies, defragment, internet, tips, windows 95, windows 98, windows me, Windows Vista, windows xp

By Jim Shutes Lapeer Tech Group <div style="text-align: justify;">It seems that the longer you own your computer, the slower it gets! A lot of people will keep their computer until it gets so slow that they feel they need a newer, faster model. Some feel like the reason it is getting slower is because it is getting older, when that is just not the case. Your computer should run just as fast as the day you brought it home if you follow these 10 Easy Steps to Speed Up Your Computer. 1. Empty the Temp directory regularly. After a short while, the temp directory fills up with hundreds of temp files that always get scanned over when Windows starts up and when programs launch. This slows everything down immensely. Rule of thumb for Temp Files: If you don't have any programs open (and nothing minimized in the bar below), then you shouldn't have ANY temp files in your temp directory. If you do, delete them. To delete Temp files, make sure NO programs are open, and : a. In Windows 95, 98 or Me, go to C:WindowsTemp and delete everything inside the Temp folder. b. In Windows 2000 or XP, it is a little trickier. First, make sure that you can see hidden folders. Double-click My Computer. Click on the Tools pull-down menu, and then on Folder Options. Click on the View tab. Scroll down and click on Show Hidden Files and Folders. Click Ok. Now you can go to the C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorLocal SettingsTemp folder. Delete everything here. 2. Empty the Temporary Internet Files regularly. To empty Temporary Internet Files, go to your Control Panel and double-click the Internet Options icon. Choose to Delete Cookies, and to Delete Files. This will clear all of your Temporary Internet Files. 3. Check your hard disks for problems. a. For Windows 95, 98, or Me, double-click My Computer. Right-click the C-drive and click on Properties. Click on the Tools tab and choose to check the computer for problems. If you choose to do a Thorough Scan, this will do the hardware check for physical disk damage or sector damage. Choose to fix any errors it finds. b. For Windows 2000 and XP, double-click My Computer. Right-click the C-drive and click Properties. Click on the Tools tab and choose to check the computer for problems. Click on Check Now. You will then have two check boxes. The top option is for the file check, and the second option is for the hardware (physical disk) check. Check either one, or both. At least check the top one. Hit ok, and reboot. This may take some time, but let it run. 4. An even more thorough disk check, would be to use a 3rd party utility. One of my favorites is TuneUp Utilities 2004. It does cost $39.99, but they do offer a FREE download trial of 15 days. This program does a really good job of fixing software and physical hard drive problems. It also tunes up your system for increased speed, and streamlines your operating system for peak performance. Download it HERE... <a href="http://www.lapeertechgroup.com/downloads.asp" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">http://www.lapeertechgroup.com/downloads.asp</a> 5. Or, you can do a few of the performance tweaks yourself, if you have Windows XP. By default, EVERYTHING is turned on in Windows XP. It isn't very streamlined for performance, but rather for appearance. You can turn off a few of the unnecessary features, and Windows will still work just fine, and maybe a little faster. To do this, right-click on My Computer and click on Properties. Click on the Advanced tab. Under the Performance section, click on the Settings button. On the Visual Effects tab, you will see a list of check boxes. By default, these are all on. You really don't need any of them for Windows to run. Go through the check boxes one by one, and determine which ones you can and can't live without. 6. Turn off Active Desktop. Active Desktop turns your desktop into a web page, and allows you to have things like a real-time calendar, and up-to-the-minute weather or stocks. These are nice, but really slow down your computer. And even if you don't use Active Desktop for anything, just having it active can cause a performance decrease. Turn it off. a. In Windows 95, 98 and Me, right-click on the desktop and in the pop-up menu, choose Active Desktop. Inside that option, uncheck Active Desktop. If there is no check next to it, then it isn't on. Don't choose it. Instead, just click the desktop again to get out of the menu. b. In Windows 2000, right-click on the desktop and in the pop-up menu, choose Active Desktop. Inside that option, uncheck Show Web Content. Again, if there is no check next to it, then it is not on. Do not check it. c. In Windows XP, right-click on the desktop and in the pop-up menu, choose Properties. On the Desktop tab, choose Customize Desktop. Now, on the Web tab, make sure that there are no websites chosen here. If there aren't any, then Active Desktop is not on. Cancel and go back to the desktop. 7. Install and run a good AntiVirus program, to keep out viruses that can take over your system. One of my favorites is AVG. It is not only a really good AntiVirus program, but it is also FREE! If you don't have any AntiVirus software on your computer, get AVG AntiVirus NOW by downloading HERE: <a href="http://www.lapeertechgroup.com/downloads.asp" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">http://www.lapeertechgroup.com/downloads.asp</a> 8. Get rid of Spyware. A lot of computer users have Spyware and don't even know they have it, much less how to get rid of it. If your computer has been taking you to websites that you don't want to go to, or if you get pop-ups when you aren't even on the Internet, or if your computer has been running extremely slowly lately, for no reason, you probably have Spyware. On all of the computers that I setup, I install two different AntiSpyware programs: AdAware SE and SpyBot. These two programs are highly recommended by TechTV (G4) and other computer authorities (including my own research on Spyware) and work very well together. They compliment each other and catch Spyware that the other misses, but together, do a very good job. Get SpyBot HERE... <a href="http://www.lapeertechgroup.com/downloads.asp." style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">http://www.lapeertechgroup.com/downloads.asp.</a> Download all updates and run the Immunize option a couple of times. AdAware SE does a good job when you keep up on the updates and manually scan your system with AdAware. Get it HERE... <a href="http://www.lapeertechgroup.com/downloads.asp" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">http://www.lapeertechgroup.com/downloads.asp</a> In some cases, when the Spyware has become too entwined into your system, even a computer repair technician can't get rid of the Spyware. At this point, it is better to just backup only what you need and have the operating system reinstalled. Believe me, when your computer gets to this point, you don't want to just put a â€œband-aidâ€ on it. Just start from scratch with a clean system. It's the best way to go. 9. Streamline MSCONFIG. One thing that really causes a HUGE performance decrease is to have unnecessary programs running in the background. Some of these programs can be seen in your System Tray (located next to the clock). These are tiny programs that are robbing you of memory and processing power. Some of them you need, while most you don't. Some of the programs you DON'T need are printer icons, CD burning icons, shortcuts to programs (such as video settings), AOL, any Instant Messaging Programs, etc. Just because these programs aren't always running, doesn't mean that you still can't print, burn CDs or Instant Message. They can all be run from a shortcut. You can use a utility, called MSCONFIG, to turn OFF unnecessary Start Up items. a. In Windows 98, Me, and XP, click on StartRun and type msconfig. Click on the Startup tab. This is a list of everything that is running in the background, some of which show up in the System Tray. Now, be careful, some of these you do need. Some items to keep are Ctfmon.exe (XP), Scan Registry (Win98, Me), Task Monitor (Win98, Me), System Tray (Win98, Me), LoadPowerProfile (Win98, Me), Rundll.32, any AntiVirus programs (such as McAfee, Norton, or AVG). Others, you can uncheck, such as NeroCheck, ypager, qttask, AOL, and any other Instant Messaging programs, or printing programs. Remember, if something doesn't work, because you turned it off, it can always be turned back on. You just have to reboot every time you make a change here. But, as you uncheck the unnecessary programs that run in the background, you will see that Windows loads much faster, that there are less icons in the System Tray, and that your system is much more â€œsnappyâ€ and quick to respond. b. In Windows 2000, MSCONFIG wasn't supplied. You actually have to download and run an MSCONFIG utility. Download the MSCONFIG utility HERE: <a href="http://www.perfectdrivers.com/howto/msconfig.html." style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">http://www.perfectdrivers.com/howto/msconfig.html.</a> After you reboot, you will have a window that says that the configuration utility was edited. Just check not to show that in the future, a check box at the bottom. This just means that there was a change made to the MSCONFIG. 10. Defragment your hard drives. NOTE: to efficiently defragment a hard drive, it likes to have 25% free space. It can still do the defragmentation with only 15% free space, but it takes quite a bit longer. If you can, delete any unnecessary files before deframenting your drives. To defragment your hard drives (in any Windows operating system), double-click on My Computer. Right-click on the c-drive and click on Properties. Click on the Tools tab and choose the bottom button, to Defragment Now Good luck. I hope this article has helped you. If you live in the Lapeer County, MI area, and would like a Professional professionally TuneUp your computer(s) in your home or business, please contact Lapeer Tech Group at (810) 793-1093, or visit our website at: <a href="http://www.lapeertechgroup.com/" style="font-family: arial;" target="_blank">http://www.lapeertechgroup.com/</a> </div>About the Author I have worked in the IT field since 1989 and hold several Microsoft certifications. I am a network administrator and owner and operator of Lapeer Tech Group, located in Columbiaville, Michigan (just outside of Lapeer). During these years, I have supported both Macs and PCs, am an accomplished graphic and web designer, and have had the opportunity to support 2nd and 3rd level enterprise networks for GM, EDS, Delphi and Delco.

By Jim Shutes Lapeer Tech Group It seems that the longer you own your computer, the slower it gets! A lot of people will keep their computer...

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